Community Profile: Washington County, TN
Washington County, Tennessee, blends deep historical roots with a thriving modern community. Anchored by Jonesborough—Tennessee’s oldest town—and Johnson City, the largest city in the Tri-Cities, the county offers a balance of historic neighborhoods, strong schools, diverse employment, and abundant recreation.
Short History
Founded in 1777 while the region was still part of North Carolina, Washington County is the oldest county in Tennessee. It was named in honor of General George Washington, then commander of the Continental Army. Early settlement centered on Jonesborough, established in 1779 and later recognized as the state’s first town. Jonesborough became a political and cultural hub, playing a role in the short-lived “State of Franklin” movement in the 1780s.
With the arrival of the railroad in the 19th century, Johnson City grew from a rail depot into an economic powerhouse, eventually overtaking Jonesborough in population. Today, Washington County honors its historic past while serving as a center of education, healthcare, and commerce for Northeast Tennessee.
People & Demographics
Population (2023): ~141,000 residents
Households: ~56,000 with an average household size of 2.3
Median Age: ~39 years, younger than neighboring counties due to the large student population
Diversity: Predominantly White (~90%), with African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian communities adding to the mix
Homeownership Rate: ~65%
Median Home Value: ~$220,000 (2023 estimate, rising steadily with demand)
Washington County’s growth has been steady, fueled by East Tennessee State University, Ballad Health’s hospital system, and its location along Interstates 26 and 81.
Income & Economy
Median Household Income: ~$55,000 (ACS 2019–2023)
Per Capita Income: ~$32,000
Poverty Rate: ~16%
The economy is driven by healthcare, education, and retail, with Johnson City Medical Center and ETSU among the largest employers. Manufacturing and distribution also play key roles thanks to excellent highway access. The lower cost of living compared to urban areas makes Washington County attractive to retirees, young families, and remote workers.
Schools & Education
Washington County is served by multiple public school systems:
Washington County Schools – Operates elementary, middle, and high schools throughout the county, including David Crockett High School and Daniel Boone High School.
Johnson City Schools – Independent city system, serving around 8,000 students with standout schools like Science Hill High School.
Higher Education – East Tennessee State University (ETSU), with an enrollment of over 13,000 students, is the region’s flagship public university. ETSU offers strong programs in healthcare, business, education, and the arts. Northeast State Community College also serves county residents with technical and associate degree programs.
Housing & Real Estate
Washington County’s housing market is diverse:
Historic homes in Jonesborough, many dating to the 18th and 19th centuries
Family neighborhoods and newer subdivisions around Johnson City
Rural properties and farmland throughout the county’s rolling hills
The median home value of ~$220K offers affordable options compared to national averages, with continued appreciation due to demand for both historic and suburban properties.
Lifestyle & Attractions
Jonesborough Historic District – Tennessee’s oldest town, featuring preserved 18th- and 19th-century architecture, shops, and festivals.
International Storytelling Center – Hosts the National Storytelling Festival, drawing visitors from across the globe.
Buffalo Mountain Park & Winged Deer Park – Hiking, mountain biking, lake access, and recreation near Johnson City.
ETSU’s Martin Center for the Arts – Brings concerts, performances, and cultural events to the community.
Nearby Outdoor Recreation – Easy access to Boone Lake, Watauga Lake, and the Appalachian Trail.
Washington County at a Glance
Population: ~141,000
Median Household Income: ~$55,000
Median Home Value: ~$220,000
Median Age: ~39 years
School Systems: Washington County Schools, Johnson City Schools
Higher Education: East Tennessee State University, Northeast State Community College
Highlights: Jonesborough Historic District, National Storytelling Festival, ETSU, Johnson City Medical Center
Sources: U.S. Census/ACS (QuickFacts, ACS), DataUSA, district sites.